An older study from 2007 investigated factors that may predict reduced survival in CKD cats. The study involved a total of 190 cats with chronic kidney disease (= CKD) and was able to identify several prognostic factors. Although there are now other prognostic factors such as the blood concentration of Indoxyl sulfate or FGF-23, some of the prognostic factors from 2007 are still important in the diagnosis and staging…

Clinical symptoms of uraemiaA raised level in the blood of urea and other urinary substances, which in chronic kidney disease can no longer be adequately excreted due to impaired renal function (glomerular filtration rate). This leads to renal damage due to uraemic toxins, toxic urinary substances The symptoms... can include mouth ulcers, vomiting, loss of appetite and lethargy. These affect the quality of life of affected CKD cats. A number of treatment techniques to slow and prevent the development of uraemia are currently being investigated and should be considered in cats with CKD.

Recent studies suggest that the metabolic end-products of gut bacteria, which result from the breakdown of essential amino acids, may have a negative impact on cardiovascular health. As these diseases are the leading cause of death in humans, knowledge of these metabolites and the potential to influence their formation is a new approach to heart health.